AASM Sleep Technologist Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which of these channel types produces a square calibration wave?
• Which term describes going to bed early and waking early?
• The amount of space needed to archive digitized data is most impacted by:
• During bilevel PAP titration, which setting is sometimes used to treat central sleep apnea events?
• During Cheyne-Stokes respirations, pulse oximetry typically shows which pattern?
• On an EKG tracing, the QRS complex corresponds to which cardiac event?
• Which region of the brain shows the majority of alpha rhythms during the PSG?
• What has the largest impact on adherence to PAP therapy?
• Sinus bradycardia is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
• Paradoxical breathing is identified by channel deflections that are:
• In a differential amplifier, which statement best describes its primary function?
• Which of the following is not a therapy for narcolepsy?
• Which calibration term refers to applying a calibration signal of low voltage to all amplifiers using the initial study values?
• What are two sleep-related effects antidepressants can have?
• In patients with pseudohypertrophic Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which sleep-related problem is NOT typical?
• Which of the following EEG frequencies can be seen during an arousal from sleep?
• What is the purpose of the American Sleep Apnea Association A.W.A.K.E program?
• A mixed apnea is best described as which of the following?
• Beta blockers decrease which sleep parameters?
• Where is the tape measure placed when measuring the circumference of the head?
• During sleep, a sustained heart rate of 90 beats per minute or higher for 30 seconds or longer is termed what?
• Staging choices for infants include which combination?
• The best candidate for oral appliance therapy would have?
• Which medication is a stimulant used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy?
• Which mask type is most commonly associated with discomfort compared with nasal masks?
• One criterion for scoring Cheyne-Stokes respirations is that the crescendo-to-decrescendo breathing pattern lasts for how long?
• Periodic limb movement in sleep (PLMs) are defined as:
• Tachycardia during sleep is defined as a heart rate of 90 beats per minute for at least 30 seconds or longer. Which option correctly states this definition?
• The preferred type of amplifier in polysomnography is:
• Which of the following is part of the Centers for Disease Control's isolation guidelines?
• What is the frequency of Beta waves?
• Which would increase the resolution of EEG spikes?
• All of the following statements are true about the changes seen from stage N2 to N3 EXCEPT:
• In a healthy 5-year-old child, sinus arrhythmia is considered which of the following?
• Paradoxical insomnia is also called:
• How is the percentage of wake time calculated during sleep?
• What effects do Non-Benzodiazepines have on sleep?
• Which class is primarily used to treat psychosis, especially schizophrenia?
• End of an apneic event is defined by renaturation of at least what percent?
• Which statement best describes obesity hypoventilation syndrome?
• A patient’s chart indicates home oxygen use of 3.0 L/min, with orders to start without supplemental oxygen and add 1.0 L/min if SpO2 is less than 89%. What is the BEST action for the tech?
• What is the hypopnea index (HI) according to the provided data?
• In normal sleep architecture, stage 2 sleep makes up what percent of total sleep time?
• What should the tech do first to make sure the proper test is being performed?
• The most common reason for changing the PAP interface during titration is:
• Following proper prep swabbing, the skin at the prep site should be in which of the following conditions?
• What term describes the arrangement of electrodes used to record multiple signals in polysomnography?
• A 43-year old male who is 5'8 tall and weights 275 lbs, with no history of smoking or alcohol abuse, complains of trouble falling asleep, headaches, and daytime fatigue. His wife complains that his legs are kicking her while she is asleep. He most likely has:
• CO2 monitoring, using either end-tidal or transcutaneous sensors, is mandatory in children for the scoring of:
• Which of the following is an example of a non-benzodiazepine medication used for sleep?
• Which neurotransmitter is absent during REM sleep according to the material?
• A _____ study is used to look for seizure activity during sleep
• The ability of an amplifier to cancel external interference that is common to both input signals is called?
• Which term describes misperception of sleep duration and quality?
• Excessive transient muscle activity found in REM sleep indicates which of the following sleep disorders?
• A normal sinus rhythm is characterized by a P wave and QRS complex present with each beat, having a QRS interval of:
• Which of the following are the recommended impedance levels for the EEG electrodes?
• In sleep staging, the letter 'R' denotes which sleep stage?
• How many central apneas were recorded?
• For home treatment with positive airway pressure, which humidifier care practice is recommended?
• How many hypopneas were recorded?
• What should be initial pressure setting be for a CPAP titration study?
• Benzodiazepines are commonly used for which conditions?
• According to pediatric guidelines for CPAP titration, how many hypopneas must occur before increasing pressure?
• In a sleep study context, which measurement is used to assess arterial oxygen saturation?
• The tool that asks about daytime tiredness, snoring, and hypertension is which of the following?
• Which of the following is TRUE of supraventricular tachycardia?
• Gloves should be used by the tech when in contact with all of the following EXCEPT:
• G1 and G2 in a simple monitoring setup represent which of the following?
• Liquid oxygen is stored at what temperature?
• A patient with unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis would be MOST at risk for:
• Beta waves are typically associated with which state?
• Which EEG frequency is associated with alert wakefulness?
• Which device is NOT a flow monitoring device in a sleep study?
• What is the percentage of NREM sleep (rounded to the nearest percentage)?
• _______ is measured in Hertz (Hz) and ______ in microvolts (uV)
• What is required by American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines to run a multiple sleep latency test?
• According to RECOMMENDED guidelines, portable monitoring is an appropriate choice for:
• What is the most common side effect of proper CPAP use?
• According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, which should all patients receive before a PAP titration begins?
• Which electrode site is not typically used in a baseline montage?
• In generalized anxiety disorder, polysomnography is characterized by which of the following?
• What effect do Tegretol (carbamazepine) have on sleep?
• One criterion for scoring pediatric respiratory effort-related arousals (RERAs) is that nasal pressure is reduced by what percentage, compared to baseline?
• Which of the following is true about paste residue handling after a sleep study?
• Which feature is characteristic of Stage N2 sleep?
• BIPAP S/T mode is described as allowing breaths that are either spontaneous or timed.
• What is the most likely sensitivity setting for the EEG in a polysomnogram?
• During calibration, the technician verifies electrode response commands. Which option lists an equivalent way to phrase this?
• What are tricyclics used for?
• Which device receives and transmits signals from 0-1 volts?
• If the respiratory airflow sampling rate is reduced from 100 Hz to 25 Hz, which consequence is most likely?
• What is the preferred low-frequency filter setting for an EEG channel?
• What SpO2 decrease is recommended to score an event as a hypopnea?
• Which of the following is FALSE with regard to the MSLT?
• Which of the following is true about CPAP mask leaks?
• Dopamine agonists, opioids, anticonvulsants, and benzodiazepines are therapeutic interventions for:
• The amount of blood pumped through the ventricles is known as:
• During polysomnography, which of the following can create skin irritation, such as a rash?
• The preferred type of amplifier in polysomnography utilizes which signaling configuration?
• The purpose of an intentional leak is to:
• When airflow changes do not meet the criteria for obstructive apnea or hypopneas, respiratory effort event related arousals can be estimated by:
• What duration is the minimum required to score an arousal?
• Before a tech begins cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a patient, basic life support procedures require the technician to do which of the following?
• The T wave on an EKG represents which of the following?
• What effects do sedative-hypnotics have on sleep?
• Overcompensation for mask or mouth leaks when using auto-titrating CPAP (APAP) is MOST likely to result in:
• Which of the following medications is a mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorder?
• Which statement best describes an obstructive apnea?
• Which LFF and HFF combination is RECOMMENDED for routine monitoring of EOG signals?
• What is the purpose of the material safety data sheet (MSDS)?
• Sudden, involuntary, abnormal electrical disturbances in the brain that can manifest as alterations of consciousness, convulsions, and loss of consciousness are known as:
• During which sleep stage is rapid eye movement with dreams most common?
• Electrical safety requires all of the following actions from a tech EXCEPT:
• For an average adult, what sleep stage is predominately found in the last third of the night?
• What effects do opioids have on sleep?
• Correct statements about acceptable PAP titration results include all of the following EXCEPT:
• What is the purpose of the low frequency filter?
• Criteria necessary to score an arousal in NREM sleep include all of the following EXCEPT:
• What are two major classes of antidepressants?
• Using the 10-20 system, the C4 lead is located what percentage of the circumference away from C3?
• What is the normal percentage of TST spent in REM?
• What is the definition of a K complex?
• Actigraphy is the?
• What effect do stimulants have on sleep?
• Which statement about staying in the sleep lab during a study is NOT true?
• The distance from Fpz to T4 is 14 cm. What is the distance from Fpz to F8?
• After proper prep swabbing, the prep site should be which of the following?
• In stage 2 non-REM sleep, which feature is typical?
• What is the primary difference between thermistors and thermocouples?
• Which of the following low-frequency/high-frequency filter settings appropriately isolate the significant frequency ranges in the EEG channels?
• During CPAP titration at 10 cm H2O, if SpO2 values stay 80-85% for 10 minutes with no respiratory events, what is the best action for the tech to take?
• G1=60µV, G2=10µV. What is the output signal volatage?
• In pediatric sleep studies, nasal pressure reduction used to identify RERAs is what percentage?
• In communicating with deaf patients, the interviewer should:
• Which value best represents the normal REM percentage during total sleep time?
• Which EEG electrode is half the distance from O1 to T3?
• Which brain structure is involved in autonomic functions, homeostasis, endocrine processes, emotions and sleep regulation?
• The 60-Hz notch filter is used to eliminate which type of artifact in EKG recordings?
• Oral appliance is typically considered for patients with what level of obstructive sleep apnea?
• Excessive warming and humidification in CPAP therapy can cause:
• Which statement best describes a typical objective of reducing sweat sway artifacts during EEG/EOG monitoring?
• What respiratory event is defined by at least 10 seconds of no airflow with continuing respiratory effort?
• If the measured distance from nasion to inion is 36 cm, what is the distance from Cz to Pz?
• The goals of PAP therapy include all of the following EXCEPT to:
• How do you calculate Total Sleep Time (TST)?
• During biocalibrations, which statement is true?
• When electrical signals from external sources interfere with signals derived from the patient, this is referred to as:
• Which statement best describes an obstructive apnea?
• A premature P wave is referred to as which of the following?
• Which syndrome is described by obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance?
• Cataplexy is a:
• Using the 10-20 placement system, if the head circumference is 58 cm, what is the distance between C3 and O1?
• Which factor does not tend to increase impedances?
• What is the minimum time required before increasing PAP pressure during a titration study?
• Which of the following is NOT a sleep-related intervention described for REM sleep behavior disorder?
• Lithium has which sleep effect?
• In a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), how is sleep onset defined?
• Which statement is true regarding Type 2 sleep studies?
• What is the most important reason for performing a Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MWT)?
• Excessive warming and humidification will cause:
• In polysomnography, which channel is used to monitor cardiac electrical activity?
• Which of the following factors does not tend to increase impedances?
• What is the preferred LFF setting for an EEG channel?
• What is the total daily sleep requirement (including day naps) for a two-year-old infant?
• To estimate heart rate from a 30-second ECG, you multiply the count of QRS complexes by:
• During bilevel titration, which setting is used to address central apneas?
• Cheyne-Stokes respiration is best described as a pattern of recurrent central apneas alternating with a crescendo-decrescendo of tidal volume. Which option completes this statement?
• In the example with G1=60µV and G2=10µV, which is the output signal voltage?
• Which artifact is most likely caused by loose or intermittent contact of the electrode leads?
• The purpose of an intentional leak in PAP therapy is to
• Gabapentin has what effect on sleep arousals?
• Sleep walking belongs to which category of sleep disorders?
• The MOST common cause for insomnia in the general population is:
• Which drug class is commonly used to treat REM sleep behavior disorder?
• For Americans the most common sleep disorder is:
• Which device is used to monitor oxygen saturation during sleep studies?
• What is the RECOMMENDED LFF/HFF for the EOG and EEG channels?
• Which item should be logged into the patient data system before the sleep study?
• An epoch on a polysomnogram is how many seconds long?
• Which of the following is a safe guideline for identifying what actions and observations should be documented by the tech?
• The physician's orders indicate the patient is in the lab for a CPAP titration study; however, the patient insists he has never had a sleep study before. Which action is NOT acceptable to resolve this situation?
• What is the minimum number of hours that an overnight nocturnal polysomnogram should last to obtain adequate data?
• Key things to look for in REM behavior disorder montage are:
• Ketonuria, Kussmaul respirations, hyperglycemia, and fluid imbalance are characteristics of:
• Which action is recommended if snoring persists on CPAP at the current setting?
• What is the recommended time required before increased the PAP pressure during a titration study?
• Where are the reference electrodes M1 and M2 placed on the head?
• There is no maximum time limit for obstructive apneic events to be scored.
• Which of the following is not part of scoring pediatric obstructive sleep apnea?
• What is the correct starting CPAP pressure in cmH2O?
• Which method is used to distinguish ECG artifact from true neural activity when a QR complex is present?
• What is the total sleep time (TST), in minutes given the data?
• Which statement accurately describes mood stabilizers?
• A patient is snoring on CPAP 11cmH2O. What is the best course of action for the tech to take?
• What is the standard length of time of each epoch during the scoring of stages in a PSG?
• The two inferior chin electrodes are placed on the:
• Which task is NOT required before beginning a PSG study?
• Which of the following is an antipsychotic medication?
• How is Sleep Efficiency Index (SEI) calculated?
• On CPAP, central apneas appear at 15 cwp. What is the most likely cause?
• A premature P wave is referred to as which of the following?
• What is considered one of the most important roles of the recording technologist during sleep studies?
• Appropriate values for scoring sinus bradycardia/tachycardia include which of the following?
• A patient in the lab for a CPAP titration states they have never had a sleep study before. Which action would NOT be acceptable to resolve this situation?
• When should a sleep tech test equipment for accuracy and function?
• What is the RECOMMENDED number of observed hypopneas needed in an adult patient before increasing pressure during a titration?
• Which patient profile would be the best candidate for oral appliance therapy?
• In CPAP titration, if the order's medical intent is unclear and a patient claims never had a sleep study before, which option is NOT appropriate?
• Which statement about the removal of paste residue from the patients in the morning is true?
• The apnea-hypopnea index is reported as the average number of apneas and hypopneas seen per hour of sleep.
• Flow monitoring devices that may be used on patients during a sleep study include all of the following EXCEPT:
• What is the most important aspect of fielding a patient's questions in the morning following the sleep study?
• If the CPAP pressure is set and left below a patient's optimal pressure, what may occur?
• What is the recommended start pressure for pediatric and adult CPAP titration?
• Total sleep time was reported as how many minutes?
• The failure to remove electrode paste residue will most likely result in:
• Which action is NOT helpful in identifying a 60-Hz artifact?
• Which measurement helps distinguish central from obstructive apnea during sleep study?
• What is the frequency of Theta waves?
• Which neurotransmitter is increased during the awake state; decreased during stages 1, 2, and 3 non-REM sleep; and absent during REM sleep?
• Which statement best describes the function of a material safety data sheet?
• Antidepressants suppress which stage of sleep?
• In routine sleep study monitoring, which LFF and HFF combination is commonly used for EOG signals?
• Twitching movements of the fingers, toes, and mouth that may occur during stage W, non-REM, and REM sleep are known as:
• The proper way to score a major body movement-dominated epoch in a recording is described by which of the following?
• Central sleep apnea can be seen in all of the following sleep stage EXCEPT:
• During physiologic calibrations, technicians perform this to verify what?
• Which condition is most likely to cause slow wave artifact in the EEG and EOG channels?
• What is the minimum length required for an arousal?
• Which medication would MOST likely be used for treatment of RLS?
• Which pair of EEG derivations shows the highest amplitude of slow-wave sleep?
• Which symptom suggests excessive CPAP pressure rather than inadequate airway collapse?
• Cheyne-Stokes respirations are most commonly associated with which conditions?
• Which symptom is characteristic of central sleep apnea during apneic periods?
• Which equation is true regarding sensitivity?
• An alternating EEG pattern seen during quiet sleep in a newborn infant, consisting of both high and low-voltage activity is termed:
• Accessory equipment such as a CPAP machine or radio placed near the headbox may cause:
• Which step best addresses artifact by addressing the hardware rather than the signal processing?
• Sleep debt is best described as which of the following?
• Where should conductive paste be placed in relation to the gold cup wire?
• Central sleep apnea can be seen in all of the following sleep stages EXCEPT:
• What term describes the ability of a differential amplifier to minimize signals that are present on both inputs?
• Which electrode site is approximately 10% above the inion?
• Which stage shows the highest proportion of delta waves?
• Which of the following impedance values would NOT be acceptable for EEG electrode contact quality?
• Which EEG waveforms are in the correct order from the highest to the lowest frequency?
• What are mood stabilizers used for?
• Which sleep parameter is affected by antidepressants?
• In EEG/ PSG data management, increasing the sampling rate primarily increases:
• If SpO2 remains suboptimal during titration, what action is commonly recommended as a next step to optimize PAP therapy?
• Which term describes going to bed early and waking up early?
• If a patient on CPAP at 11 cwp continues to snore, what is the recommended action?
• If the oximeter data during a study is corrupted, what is the appropriate action?
• What is the percentage of REM sleep (rounded to the nearest percentage)?
• Z-drugs are non-benzodiazepine medications primarily used to treat what condition?
• Sleep state misperception is also known as which term?
• Which option does not tend to increase leakage current?
• Real-time access to PAP compliance data exemplifies which purpose?
• What can be done to improve sweat sway artifacts on the EEG and EOG channels?
• How is REM latency calculated?
• Which formula correctly calculates the percentage of REM sleep (R) time?
• Which action violates the principles of proper body mechanics?
• Nicotine may cause:
• According to scoring guidelines of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, which piece of equipment is used to identify hypopnea?
• REM percentage of total sleep time is calculated as REM time divided by total sleep time. Given REM = 45 minutes and total sleep time = 275 minutes, what is the REM percentage?
• Which statement about Cheyne-Stokes respirations is true?
• In the described patient with obesity and daytime fatigue, which factor most contributes to the risk of obstructive sleep apnea?
• The measured distance from the nasion to the inion is 32cm. What is the distance from the inion to Oz?
• What is the most desirable sampling rate for the respiratory airflow signal?
• How do you calculate Total Recording Time (TRT)?
• While in the sleep lab, a patient has to do all of the following EXCEPT:
• During healthy respirations in NREM sleep, the brain relies on the hypoxic drive to trigger breaths. The hypoxic drive triggers a breath when which blood gas increases sufficiently?
• What are antipsychotics used for?
• What is the maximum recommended CPAP for patients under the age of 12 years?
• The circumferential measurement is 58cm. What is the distance between O1 and O2?
• After a sleep study has been completed, the tech should soak and air-dry which piece of equipment?
• An artifact that results in salt bridges is most likely caused by
• Which statement is true about thermocouples and thermistors?
• Which channel is used to monitor muscle tone in a standard polysomnography recording?
• Which statement best describes why sleep stage percentages are calculated in PSG reports?
• The emergence of central respiratory events during PAP titration for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea is:
• Central sleep apnea is characterized by which of the following?
• The artifacts that are most likely to cause high-amplitude, low frequency waves seen on the EEG are:
• Which sleep position is most likely to worsen obstructive airway events during a sleep study?
• What was the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) reported in the data?
• Average Volume-Assured Pressure Support (AVAPS) is intended to maintain which respiratory parameter?
• How many obstructive apneas were recorded?
• In sleep scoring, an arousal in NREM sleep must last at least how many seconds?
• The formula for calculating a PLM index is:
• What effect does Clonazepam have on sleep?
• Oral appliance is an alternative option for patients with:
• The ability of a differential amplifier to minimize signals similar to both inputs is known as:
• In an adult polysomnogram, which item is considered optional to include in the report?
• During observation of a PSG, which of the following positions yields more severe obstructive events and louder snoring?
• What is the recommended number of observed apneas needed for an adult patient before increasing the pressure during a titration?
• The cEMG provides information on all of the following EXCEPT:
• What is the total recording time (TRT), in minutes given the data?
• How many mixed apneas were recorded?
• What is the minimum duration required for a sleep study recording?
• Which statement best describes the minimum duration criterion for acceptable PAP titration outcomes in terms of RDI and sleep position?
• Which of the following is NOT considered good sleep hygiene?
• The recording of eye movements in sleep studies is based on which electrical potential?
• What condition would require a full face mask or oral mask during a CPAP study?
• Which pattern of cardiac variability is commonly seen in patients with obstructive sleep apnea?
• During a diagnostic sleep study, which device should be used to monitor airflow?
• REM behavior disorders in usually treated with
• Barbiturate use is associated with a decrease in which sleep stage?
• Obstructive sleep apnea is normally at its worst when the patient is:
• Which statement about hypopneas in the dataset is correct?
• Which device monitors carbon dioxide concentration during sleep studies?
• Prior to the sleep study, which item should be logged into the patient data system to identify the session?
• The polysomnograph has taken a leakage current of 200uA. What should the tech do about this?
• What are opioids used for?
• What are SSRIs used for?
• In PAP titration, how should supplemental oxygen be delivered?
• To calculate the apnea/hypopnea index, which metric must be known?
• Which two points on the 10-20 placement system are used to locate F3?
• What is a sedative-hypnotic commonly used for?
• Among the listed respiratory events in the dataset, which occurred the fewest times?
• Asking the patient to look left/right and up/down during biocalibrations is intended to mimic which common situation found during healthy sleep?
• Following RECOMMENDED guidelines, which would be an appropriate time to end an MWT?
• What physiological effect does CPAP have on the body?
• For an average adult, what sleep stage is predominately found in the first third of the night?
• The electrode array used for recording physiologic activity is referred to as:
• Atrial fibrillation is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
• Which statement is FALSE regarding orofacial masks?
• When periodic limb movements of sleep are scored as an event, which statement is false?
• In an EKG, the P wave represents which event?
• In communicating with deaf patients, which statement about communication is accurate?
• What percentage drop in the SpO2 data must be seen to score an obstructive event?
• Which class of hypnotic agents increases sleep spindle activity?
• Occurrences in a sleep study that must be scored include all of the following EXCEPT:
• Which statement best describes why electrode impedance levels are kept low in polysomnography?
• Which channel is used to assess muscle tone during sleep studies?
• During nasal congestion management with a nasal mask, which step is typically included in the problem-solving sequence?
• The first step in artifact isolation is:
• Which of the following is an example of a barbiturate medication?
• During PAP titration, achieving an RDI less than 5 for at least 15 minutes with supine REM sleep observed at the pressure is an example of what?
• Under guidelines for multiple sleep latency testing, four nap opportunities would be acceptable when the patient:
• What is the minimum duration of a K complex?
• In an EKG tracing, the QRS complex corresponds to which cardiac event?
• Which action best describes a recommended step if you have not fallen asleep after 20 minutes?
• What is the RECOMMENDED number of observed hypopneas needed for a pediatric patient before increasing pressure during a titration?
• Which of the following is NOT a way to decrease condensation in humidifier tubing?
• Sleep efficiency is defined as:
• REM sleep occurrence during MSLT is often assessed by detecting:
• When there is confirmed ventricular tachycardia lasting more than 30 seconds, what is the most appropriate action?
• Beta waves have a frequency range of 13-35 Hz and are observed during which state?
• Which of the following is an adequate chemical disinfectant used to clean surfaces?
• Barbiturate use is associated with which pattern of sleep changes?
• A simple way for a sleep technologist to estimate heart rate is to count the number of QRS complexes in a 30 second epoch and:
• The Berlin questionnaire assesses which of the following?
• What is the sleep efficiency (rounded to the nearest percentage)?
• What causes EKG artifact in the EEG and EOG channels?
• Which item is typically included as a required pre-PSG step?
• In patients with severe sleep-disordered breathing, the most common response after successful PAP titration is which?
• What additional parameter would be MOST helpful to monitor when recording a patient with COPD?
• If a patient with claustrophobia asks to end a PSG, what is the next best step?
• The syndrome characterized by prolonged episodes of severe hypoxemia and associated PaCO2 elevation that worsens during sleep is:
• A type 2 sleep study must include all of the following EXCEPT:
• What sleep parameters are affected by beta blockers?
• Which cardiac arrhythmia requires immediate intervention?
• What is an acceptable impedance threshold for EEG electrodes to ensure good signal quality?
• Which statement best describes the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT)?
• The number of events that occur within a particular period of time is called:
• Which device produces its own electricity?
• Which statement best describes the effect of opening the eyes on alpha activity?
• Decreasing the sensitivity would result in what change in the EEG waveform?
• A bipolar derivation utilizes which of the following?
• What are antihistamines used for?
• Muscle artifact can be corrected by
• Reasons to alert the physician of an immediate need to review a patient's study include all of the following EXCEPT:
• Total recording time (TRT) is defined as the interval from lights off to lights on.
• Which statement best describes sleep in generalized anxiety disorder as seen on polysomnography?
• What effects does alcohol have on sleep?
• Tegretol decreases REM sleep?
• The rate at which a wave repeats itself or oscillates is called the:
• Which electrode site is found halfway between the inion and nasion?
• Which medication is used to treat allergies?
• What is the consequence of leaving electrode paste residue on the skin?
• Clonazepam increases which sleep parameters?
• Which statement about hematocrit is FALSE?
• Alcohol can suppress which stage(s) of sleep?
• ECG artifact in the EEG channels is BEST confirmed by comparing the:
• Total wake time (TWT) can be calculated as the difference between total recording time and total sleep time.
• Which filter is typically used to remove power line electrical noise?
• In pediatric obstructive sleep apnea scoring, a 90% or greater decrease in amplitude must occur for at least what percentage of events?
• Excessive transient muscle activity during REM sleep is most strongly associated with which disorder?
• People with obstructive sleep apnea have a higher risk of which condition?
• In scoring periodic limb movements, an event begins at the first rise in EMG at or above what amplitude?
• To ensure REM sleep has a chance to occur during a multiple sleep latency test nap, how long should the nap continue?
• The primary reason for instructing patients to clean masks daily is to:
• Sleep spindles are characterized by which frequency range?
• The capnograph reading zero on both patient and tester is most likely caused by:
• Where is the O1 lead located in relation to the T3 lead?
• What effects do antipsychotics have on sleep?
• A common side effect of CPAP is which of the following?
• In stage N1 sleep, which pattern is typically observed?
• Actigraphy is primarily used to assess sleep-wake patterns by recording movements from which limb?
• During PSG setup, which action is performed by the technician?
• Which EEG electrode lies halfway between O1 and T3?
• Which statement about arousal scoring in adults is BEST?
• Which change would increase the resolution of EEG spikes and improve waveform definition?
• Consuming alcoholic beverages before a sleep study is likely to have which effect on the patients sleep architecture?
• Average volume-assured pressure support (AVAPS) focuses on maintaining which aspect of the respiratory process?
• In ASV titrations, what is the setting called that controls the parameters of the IPAP pressure?
• Which brain region is primarily associated with autonomic control, sleep regulation, and endocrine processes?
• Which option best completes this statement: 'Supplemental oxygen should be initiated during PAP titration if SpO2 falls below 88% for greater than 15 minutes'?
• Which statement about arousal scoring is most consistent with guidelines?
• In obstructive sleep apnea, leg movements during sleep that disturb a partner are most consistent with which condition?
• Heated humidity can remedy which conditions associated with sleep testing?
• The best way to eliminate artifact is by:
• The emergence of central respiratory events during PAP titration for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea is best described as
• What are the recommended LFF/HFF settings for an EMG channel?
• The respiratory event that requires oxygen desaturation and/or an arousal as part of the scoring criteria is:
• Which statement best describes impedance in EEG recording?
• Indirect monitoring of oxygen level by sensors that detect light wave absorption is performed by which device?
• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) that are too high may cause:
• The frequency at which eye blinking occurs is most typically:
• What is the range of normal scores on the Fatigue Severity Scale?
• The normal Heart Rate is?
• Which statement about orofacial masks is accurate?
• What is the RECOMMENDED minimum and maximum IPAP-EPAP differential?
• The purpose of physiologic calibrations is to:
• What is the most likely practice to improve patient comfort when nasal congestion persists during CPAP use, aside from pharmacologic options?
• All of the following are indications that a patient is entering stage N1 sleep from the wake stage EXCEPT:
• The Berlin questionnaire is used to screen for risk of which sleep disorder?
• In pediatric obstructive apnea, which symptom is most often observed?
• Which practice best describes reviewing patient information prior to sleep study?
• Leg EMG leads are placed on which muscles and at what distance apart?
• The techs duties include all of the following EXCEPT:
• Which type of waves have a frequency of 13-35 Hz, an amplitude of less than 30uV, and are present during normal wakefulness when the patient is alert?
• Which statement best describes the function of a differential amplifier?
• Which of the following is characteristic of sleep during the second trimester of pregnancy?
• The symbol 'G1' represents which electrode in the standard setup?
• In patients with pseudohypertrophic Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which sleep-related problem is NOT typical?
• In atrial fibrillation, which ECG finding replaces P waves on the surface ECG?
• Which formula correctly calculates the percentage of time spent in N2 sleep?
• Central apnea is characterized by which of the following?
• How often should sleep techs participate in quality assurance reviews of their performance?
• In which study does a patient try to stay awake in a darkened room?
• NPSG stands for_________________________.
• What is the total wake time (TWT), in minutes?
• Which statement best describes the effect of zolpidem and zaleplon on sleep architecture?
• In a PAP titration, which observation is a direct indicator of flow limitation?
• Adaptive servo ventilation is an effective treatment for which sleep-related breathing disorder?
• What is the highest grade level at which patient education materials and consent forms for polysomnography should be written?
• Which of the following would be a reasonable optional item to report on an adult PSG?
• Why is precise head measurement important in a PSG?
• When fitting a patient with a CPAP mask, it is important to check that:
• A bipolar derivation utilizes how many electrodes that overlie an electrically active area?
• Good sleep hygiene includes which of the following?
• Which SpO2 change is required for central apnea scoring?
• According to recommended guidelines for titrating supplemental oxygen during PAP titration, which statement is correct?
• What is the frequency of Delta waves?
• What is the minimum AHI to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea according to the material?
• When a patient states they feel like they are suffocating and cannot get enough air when on CPAP, they are most likely complaining of:
• A mixed apnea is characterized by which of the following?
• Which statement is true regarding consent for an in-lab sleep study?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between P waves and QRS complexes in a healthy rhythm?
• Which sensors need to be cleaned and disinfected?
• What is the minimum duration for an apnea event to be counted?
• Which statement describes hematocrit more accurately?
• The electrode located 30% above the left pre-auricular crease is:
• What percentage drop in the SpO2 data must be seen to score an obstructive event?
• All of the following are indications that a patient is entering stage N1 sleep from the wake stage EXCEPT:
• Sleep spindles are:
• During a titration study a patients apneas are eliminated at 10cmH2O by hypopneas and snoring continue at 16cmH2O. According to recommended guidelines, the appropriate pressures to begin a bilevel titration is:
• What is the apnea index (AI) according to the provided data?
• Where are the two inferior chin electrodes placed?
• Which of the following would be a contradiction of PAP therapy?
• Increasing the gain would result in what change in the EEG waveform?
• The capnograph is reading zero on the patient and on the tech who tests the cannula. The most likely cause of the equipment failure is:
• During a bilevel positive airway pressure titration, which setting is increased to eliminate apneas?
• What conditions are antidepressants used to treat?
• Chin EMG activity during REM sleep is typically:
• Which of the following is true about Fatigue Severity Scale ranges?
• K complexes are often seen
• When applying supplemental oxygen to a CPAP titration study, the setting at which the oxygen should be started is:
• Sweat artifact look like:
• What is a known effect of sedative-hypnotics on sleep-disordered breathing?
• What should the tech do if the patient awakens and complains that the pressure is too high?
• The MSLT consists of how many daytime nap opportunities?
• Heated humidity can possibly remedy which of the following conditions seen in some patients?
• What are some possible causes for secondary PLMS?
• To stage an epoch as N3 sleep, in what percentage of the epoch MUST its identifiers be present?
• Which impedance level is considered acceptable for EMG channels, such as limbs or chin?
• Barbiturates are used for which primary purposes?
• Morning/evening questionnaires ask the patient to indicate which of the following?
• If total sleep time is 240 minutes, how many hours does that correspond to?
• What is the recommended minimum/maximum differential for IPAP and EPAP settings during a BIPAP titration?
• Which of the following is NOT a stimulant used to treat ADHD or narcolepsy?
• Which of the following is a common cause of secondary PLMS?
• Which EMG filter setting is typical for sleep study recordings?
• The apnea hypopnea index is reported as the:
• Which of the following statements about REM sleep behavior disorder is true according to the material?
• Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of central sleep apnea?
• Delta waves must be how many microvolts (µV) in amplitude to count toward stage N3 sleep percentages?
• Stimulants reduce which sleep stage?
• During a PAP titration, signal flattening in the nasal pressure monitor indicates:
• Cheyne-Stokes respiration is a pattern of recurrent central apneas alternating with a crescendo-decrescendo of tidal volume. Which option completes this statement?
• For EMG recording, which bandwidth setting best preserves muscle activity frequencies?
• During stage N2 sleep, if the patient changes position and there is increased snoring and a rising leak, the tech should:
• How do you calculate the percentage of time spent in N1 sleep?
• Pulse oximetry measures
• What intervention most effectively reduces 60 Hz artifact in EEG recordings?
• Which task must be completed before beginning a PSG according to the material?
• Which action is NOT appropriate when a patient experiences a seizure in the sleep lab?
• The newborn EEG pattern described as alternating high and low voltage during quiet sleep is called trance alternant.
• During PAP titration, the pressure should be increased until which combinations are eliminated?
• Given 46 total respiratory events over 4 hours of sleep, the average number of events per hour is closest to which value?
• In which sleep stage is waking most difficult due to the deepest sleep?
• Sinus arrhythmia in a 5 year old child is:
• What is the most common reason for encountering an unacceptable leak value during PAP titration?
• The BEST way for the tech to explain how CPAP helps eliminate obstructive apnea is to explain that:
• How is WASO (Wake After Sleep Onset) calculated?
• A hypnagogic jerk is best defined as a muscle spasm occurring during which sleep transition?
• During review of a sleep study scoring report, the tech notes that the lowest SpO2 is listed as 0%. What should the tech do next?
• What is the normal range of oxygen saturation?
• Which statement best describes the effect of benzodiazepines on sleep architecture?
• A patient suffering from a seizure must be admitted to the hospital rather than continuing the sleep study in all of the following circumstances EXCEPT when the patient:
• The patients medical history indicates the patient has been taking tricyclic antidepressants for the past 5 years. The tech should anticipate the patients may have an increased likelihood of:
• Which filter settings are most appropriate for EEG, EOG, EKG, and EMG channels respectively?
• What occurs during hypoventilation?
• Which sleep stage is characterized by sleep spindles and K-complexes?
• If a sleep tech identifies a 3-second pause in heart rate during monitoring, the recommended first action is to
• All are potential causes of central sleep apnea EXCEPT:
• During a CPAP titration at 15 cmH2O, if the patient is restless and has frequent obstructive events, the BEST action is to:
• What sleep parameters are decreased by antihistamines?
• Which formula correctly calculates the percentage of time spent in N3 sleep?
• After 3 years of CPAP use, a patient reports excessive daytime sleepiness. Which of the following is a possible cause for CPAP no longer providing optimal sleep?
• If the nasion-inion distance is 32 cm, what is the distance from the inion to Oz?
• The most common method to monitor blood oxygen saturation during polysomnography is:
• During a CPAP titration study a patient at a CPAP pressure of 15 cm who is still snoring and having hypopneas complains that the pressure feels too high and she cannot sleep. What should the tech do?
• Is it possible to designate hypoventilation without PaCO2 data?
• What statement about CPAP leaks is true?
• Which of the following constitutes good sleep hygiene?
• During which sleep stage is the arousal threshold highest?
• When should the tech review the patients history and become familiar with any special needs the patient might have?
• Which of the following is FALSE with regard to liquid oxygen?
• The Cz to Pz distance represents what fraction of the nasion-to-inion distance when that total distance is 36 cm and Cz-Pz is 7.2 cm?
• In polysomnography, what duration is traditionally used to segment data for sleep-stage scoring?
• If an epoch contains both stage N1 and N2 qualities, the epoch should be scored as:
• Which of the following arrhythmias qualifies as a medical emergency?
• Which observation is used to identify REM sleep during a sleep study, as reflected in bio calibration and testing procedures?
• If a patient experiences mouth breathing while using a nasal-only mask, which sequence should the tech try to alleviate the problem before switching to a full-face mask?
• What is the standard paper speed used for a sleep study?
• How is Sleep Latency calculated?
• BIPAP S/T stands for
• The best method for detecting apneas and hypopneas during PAP titration is to use which signal?
• Which statement best describes common mode rejection?
• Alpha waves are most prominent during which condition?
• What instrument adjustment would BEST enhance visualization of N3 sleep?
• Tidal volume is defined as which of the following?
• What is the normal NREM to REM cycle?
• What electrical issue arises when a diagnostic device has more than one ground path, creating a loop with potential difference that drives current between grounds?
• Which EEG electrode is half the distance from F8 to Fz?
• If the head circumference is 56 cm, what is the distance from Oz to O1?
• Which of the following statements about stage N3 sleep is true?
• Which of the following is an example of a benzodiazepine medication?
• Sleepwalking and night terrors are common in the ages of:
• Which of the following is the RECOMMENDED impedance level for EEG electrodes?
• Which of the following filter settings are most appropriate for recording EMG channels?
• Patients who suffer from frequent sinus infections should be advised not to wear which of the following masks?
• What is the best practice for pre-titration patient education according to standard sleep lab guidelines?
• After a sleep study, which equipment is most commonly soaked and air-dried before reuse?
• Sleep latency is defined as which of the following?
• In polysomnography, sensitivity is generally measured in:
• Which of the following is NOT true of EEG during stage 2 non-REM sleep?
• What is the frequency of Alpha waves?
• Which artifact is targeted by a 60-Hz notch filter in EKG recordings?
• To score an obstructive event, what is required of the SpO2 data?
• Which of the following is NOT a standard electrical safety measure for PSG equipment?
• What effects do benzodiazepines have on sleep?
• Which of the following is identified as a common cause of EKG artifact in EEG/EOG channels due to electrode placement?
• Which EEG rhythm is observed during relaxed wakefulness with eyes closed?
• Obstructive apnea in pediatric patients is most often associated with which condition?
• Which statement is an EXCEPT for criteria used to score an apneic event in adults?
• Each P wave in a normal sinus heart rhythm is associated with:
• What effect does nicotine have on sleep?
• Maxillomandibular Advancement treats OSA by:
• Which sleep stage is most associated with K-complexes?
• Which filter would be used to adjust the rise time of a signal?
• What are anticonvulsants used for?
• What is the RECOMMENDED starting pressure for CPAP?
• Which statement best describes changes from stage N2 to stage N3 sleep?
• According to the AASM scoring manual, a pause in the heart rate for 3 seconds or longer is called?
• True statements about the process of biocalibrations include all of the following EXCEPT:
• What is the danger of using two ground wires on a piece of diagnostic equipment?
• What is the primary benefit of heated humidification during PAP therapy?
• Which artifact is specifically addressed by ensuring the room is cooler and using a fan during EEG recording?
• Which frequency range defines delta waves?
• Which of the following disorders involves sudden or gradual onset of loss of language skills and is characterized by nocturnal multifocal spikes and spike-wave discharge?
• Which of the following factors is most likely to cause 60Hz artifact?
• What are beta-blockers used for?
• Which of the following is true with regard to electrode impedances?